Risk of AD was more than doubled in lonely persons (score 3.2, 90th percentile) compared with persons who were not lonely (score 1.4, 10th percentile), and controlling for indicators of social isolation did not affect the finding. Results During follow-up, 76 subjects developed clinical AD. Main Outcome Measures Clinical diagnosis of AD and change in previously established composite measures of global cognition and specific cognitive functions. At death, a uniform postmortem examination of the brain was conducted to quantify AD pathology in multiple brain regions and the presence of cerebral infarctions. Loneliness was assessed with a 5-item scale at baseline (mean ± SD, 2.3 ± 0.6) and annually thereafter.
BACKWARD DIGIT SPAN COGNITIVE CONTROL FREE
Participants A total of 823 older persons free of dementia at enrollment were recruited from senior citizen facilities in and around Chicago, Ill. Objective To test the hypothesis that loneliness is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer disease (AD).ĭesign Longitudinal clinicopathologic cohort study with up to 4 years of annual in-home follow-up. Shared Decision Making and CommunicationĬontext Social isolation in old age has been associated with risk of developing dementia, but the risk associated with perceived isolation, or loneliness, is not well understood.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography.
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